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Dīs Pater was a Roman god of the underworld, later subsumed by Pluto or Hades (Hades was Greek). Originally a chthonic god of riches, fertile agricultural land, and underground mineral wealth, he was later commonly equated with the Roman deities Pluto and Orcus, becoming an underworld deity. ''Dīs Pater'' was commonly shortened to simply ''Dīs''. This name has since become an alternative name for the underworld or a part of the underworld, such as the City of Dis of ''The Divine Comedy''. It is often thought that Dīs Pater was also a Celtic god. This confusion arises from the second-hand citation of one of Julius Caesar's comments in his ''Commentaries on the Gallic Wars'' VI:18, where he says that the Gauls all claimed descent from ''Dīs Pater''. However, Caesar's remark is a clear example of interpretatio Romana: what Caesar meant was that the Gauls all claimed descent from a Gaulish god that reminded him of the Roman Dīs Pater, that is, a chthonic deity associated with prosperity and fertility. Different possible candidates exist for this role in Celtic religion, such as Gaulish Sucellus, Irish Donn and Welsh Beli Mawr, among others. ==Etymology== Cicero in his ''De Natura Deorum'' derives the name of ''Dīs Pater'' from ''dives'', suggesting a meaning of "father of riches", directly corresponding to the name ''Pluto'' (from Greek Πλούτων, ''Ploutōn'', meaning "wealthy"). Many of Cicero's etymological derivations are not to be taken seriously, and may indeed have been intended ironically.〔Laurenz Lersch, ''Die Sprachphilosophie der alten,'', 1838, pp. 153-155.〕 Nevertheless, this particular derivation of Cicero's has been accepted by some authors, some even suggesting that ''Dīs Pater'' is a direct loan translation of ''Ploutōn''.〔Kurt Latte, ''Römische Religionsgeschichte'', part 5, vol. 4 of ''Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft'', C.H.Beck, 1976, ISBN 978-3-406-01374-4, p. 247.〕 Alternatively, he may be a secondary reflex of the same god as Jupiter (Proto-Indo-European Dyeus Ph₂ter). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dīs Pater」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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